道德框架和情感会影响各种在线和离线行为,包括捐赠,亲环境行动,政治参与,甚至参与暴力抗议活动。自然语言处理中的各种计算方法(NLP)已被用来从文本数据中检测道德情绪,但是为了在此类主观任务中取得更好的性能,需要大量的手工注销训练数据。事实证明,以前对道德情绪注释的语料库已被证明是有价值的,并且在NLP和整个社会科学中都产生了新的见解,但仅限于Twitter。为了促进我们对道德修辞的作用的理解,我们介绍了道德基础Reddit语料库,收集了16,123个reddit评论,这些评论已从12个不同的子雷迪维特策划,由至少三个训练有素的注释者手工注释,用于8种道德情绪(即护理,相称性,平等,纯洁,权威,忠诚,瘦道,隐含/明确的道德)基于更新的道德基础理论(MFT)框架。我们使用一系列方法来为这种新的语料库(例如跨域分类和知识转移)提供基线道德句子分类结果。
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The findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data principles have provided a framework for examining, evaluating, and improving how we share data with the aim of facilitating scientific discovery. Efforts have been made to generalize these principles to research software and other digital products. Artificial intelligence (AI) models -- algorithms that have been trained on data rather than explicitly programmed -- are an important target for this because of the ever-increasing pace with which AI is transforming scientific and engineering domains. In this paper, we propose a practical definition of FAIR principles for AI models and create a FAIR AI project template that promotes adherence to these principles. We demonstrate how to implement these principles using a concrete example from experimental high energy physics: a graph neural network for identifying Higgs bosons decaying to bottom quarks. We study the robustness of these FAIR AI models and their portability across hardware architectures and software frameworks, and report new insights on the interpretability of AI predictions by studying the interplay between FAIR datasets and AI models. Enabled by publishing FAIR AI models, these studies pave the way toward reliable and automated AI-driven scientific discovery.
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Accurate segmentation of live cell images has broad applications in clinical and research contexts. Deep learning methods have been able to perform cell segmentations with high accuracy; however developing machine learning models to do this requires access to high fidelity images of live cells. This is often not available due to resource constraints like limited accessibility to high performance microscopes or due to the nature of the studied organisms. Segmentation on low resolution images of live cells is a difficult task. This paper proposes a method to perform live cell segmentation with low resolution images by performing super-resolution as a pre-processing step in the segmentation pipeline.
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The SNMMI Artificial Intelligence (SNMMI-AI) Summit, organized by the SNMMI AI Task Force, took place in Bethesda, MD on March 21-22, 2022. It brought together various community members and stakeholders from academia, healthcare, industry, patient representatives, and government (NIH, FDA), and considered various key themes to envision and facilitate a bright future for routine, trustworthy use of AI in nuclear medicine. In what follows, essential issues, challenges, controversies and findings emphasized in the meeting are summarized.
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Asteroids are an indelible part of most astronomical surveys though only a few surveys are dedicated to their detection. Over the years, high cadence microlensing surveys have amassed several terabytes of data while scanning primarily the Galactic Bulge and Magellanic Clouds for microlensing events and thus provide a treasure trove of opportunities for scientific data mining. In particular, numerous asteroids have been observed by visual inspection of selected images. This paper presents novel deep learning-based solutions for the recovery and discovery of asteroids in the microlensing data gathered by the MOA project. Asteroid tracklets can be clearly seen by combining all the observations on a given night and these tracklets inform the structure of the dataset. Known asteroids were identified within these composite images and used for creating the labelled datasets required for supervised learning. Several custom CNN models were developed to identify images with asteroid tracklets. Model ensembling was then employed to reduce the variance in the predictions as well as to improve the generalisation error, achieving a recall of 97.67%. Furthermore, the YOLOv4 object detector was trained to localize asteroid tracklets, achieving a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 90.97%. These trained networks will be applied to 16 years of MOA archival data to find both known and unknown asteroids that have been observed by the survey over the years. The methodologies developed can be adapted for use by other surveys for asteroid recovery and discovery.
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目的:我们提出了一个正式的框架,用于使用统一的运动原始图(MPS)作为基本手术动作来建模手术任务,以实现不同数据集的更客观的标记和聚集,并培训通用模型,以实现手术动作识别。方法:我们使用我们的框架来创建上下文和运动原始骨料外科手术集(指南针),包括来自三个公共可用数据集(拼图,桌子,桌子和Rosma)的六个干燥LAB手术任务标签。提出了标记手术环境和自动转换为MPS的方法。我们提出了一项任务(Loto)交叉验证方法,以评估模型概括为看不见的任务的能力。结果:我们的上下文标签方法达到了众包的共识标签与专家外科医生之间的几乎完美的一致性。对MPS的任务进行分割,可以生成单独的左右笔录,并显着改善Loto的性能。我们发现,如果对具有相同上下文的任务和/或来自同一数据集的任务进行了培训,则MP细分模型的性能最佳。结论:所提出的框架可以基于上下文和细粒度的MPS对外科数据进行高质量的标记。使用MPS对外科手术任务进行建模可以使不同数据集的汇总用于训练动作识别模型,这些模型可以比在手势级别训练的模型更好地概括地看不见的任务。意义:我们的正式框架和汇总数据集可以支持用于手术过程分析,技能评估,错误检测和自治的模型和算法的开发。
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通用数据模型解决了标准化电子健康记录(EHR)数据的许多挑战,但无法将其集成深度表型所需的资源。开放的生物学和生物医学本体论(OBO)铸造本体论提供了可用于生物学知识的语义计算表示,并能够整合多种生物医学数据。但是,将EHR数据映射到OBO Foundry本体论需要大量的手动策展和域专业知识。我们介绍了一个框架,用于将观察性医学成果合作伙伴关系(OMOP)标准词汇介绍给OBO铸造本体。使用此框架,我们制作了92,367条条件,8,615种药物成分和10,673个测量结果的映射。域专家验证了映射准确性,并且在24家医院进行检查时,映射覆盖了99%的条件和药物成分和68%的测量结果。最后,我们证明OMOP2OBO映射可以帮助系统地识别可能受益于基因检测的未诊断罕见病患者。
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我们可以通过观看数月或数年来了解一个场景?在长时间播放中录制的视频将在多个时间范围内描绘有趣的现象,但识别和观看它们带来了挑战。该视频太长了,无法完整观看,并且某些事件的实时体验太慢,例如冰川静修。及时视频是总结长视频和可视化慢时尺度的常见方法。但是,时间段仅限于单个选择的时间频率,并且由于框架之间的混叠和时间不连续性,通常会出现闪烁。在本文中,我们提出了视频时间金字塔,该技术可以解决这些局限性并扩大可视化时间流逝的可能性。受到计算机视觉的空间图像金字塔的启发,我们开发了一种在时间域中构建视频金字塔的算法。视频时间金字塔的每个级别都可以看到不同的时间表。例如,每月时间表的视频通常非常适合可视化季节性变化,而一分钟时间尺度的视频最适合可视化日出或云层在天空中的运动。为了帮助探索不同的金字塔水平,我们还提出了一个视频频谱图,以可视化整个金字塔的活动量,从而提供了场景动力学的整体概述,并能够在时间和时间表上探索和发现现象。为了展示我们的方法,我们已经从十个户外场景中构建了视频时间金字塔,每个户外场景都包含数月或数年的数据。我们将视频颞金字塔层与天真的时间解体进行了比较,并发现我们的金字塔可以无视长期变化的别名观看。我们还证明,视频谱图通过实现概述和以细节为中心的观点来促进跨金字塔水平的现象的探索和发现。
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一些研究人员专注于研究驾驶时驾驶员的认知行为和精神负荷。随着心理和感知负荷水平而变化的自适应界面可能有助于减少事故并增强驾驶员体验。在本文中,我们分析了心理工作量和感知负荷对心理生理维度的影响,并在双车间互动的双重任务方案中为精神和感知负荷估算提供了基于机器学习的框架(https://github.com/ Amrgomaaelhady/mwl-pl-估计器)。我们使用现成的非侵入传感器,可以轻松地集成到车辆系统中。我们的统计分析表明,尽管心理工作负载影响了一些心理生理方面,但感知负荷几乎没有影响。此外,我们通过融合这些测量值对心理和感知负载水平进行了分类,朝着实时自适应的车载界面迈进,该界面是个性化的,该界面是个性化的用户行为和驾驶条件。我们报告多达89%的心理工作负载分类准确性,并提供实时最低侵入的解决方案。
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机器学习和临床研究社区利用现实世界数据(RWD)的方法,包括电子健康记录中捕获的数据(EHR)截然不同。虽然临床研究人员谨慎使用RWD进行临床研究,但用于医疗团队的ML会消费公共数据集,并以最少的审查来开发新算法。这项研究通过开发和验证ML-DQA来弥合这一差距,ML-DQA是基于RWD最佳实践的数据质量保证框架。 ML-DQA框架适用于两个地理位置的五个ML项目,分别是不同的医疗状况和不同的人群。在这五个项目中,共收集了247,536名患者的RWD,共有2,999项质量检查和24份质量报告。出现了五种可推广的实践:所有项目都使用类似的方法来分组冗余数据元素表示;所有项目都使用自动实用程序来构建诊断和药物数据元素;所有项目都使用了一个共同的基于规则的转换库;所有项目都使用统一的方法将数据质量检查分配给数据元素;所有项目都使用类似的临床裁决方法。包括临床医生,数据科学家和受训者在内的平均有5.8个人参与每个项目实施ML-DQA,每个项目平均进行了23.4个数据元素。这项研究证明了ML-DQA在医疗项目中的重要性作用,并为团队提供了开展这些基本活动的框架。
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